CLI Scripting

The core runtime allows you to build CLI scripting applications

BoxLang is a modern, dynamic scripting language built for more than just simple automation—it empowers you to create full-fledged, high-performance CLI applications with ease. Designed to run seamlessly on the JVM, BoxLang provides powerful scripting capabilities, a rich standard library, and first-class support for modular development.

Whether you're automating repetitive tasks, building interactive command-line tools, or developing complex CLI-driven workflows, BoxLang offers the flexibility, expressiveness, and performance you need. With intuitive syntax, robust error handling, and seamless integration with Java and other JVM-based technologies, BoxLang makes CLI scripting more efficient and enjoyable.

Script Files

With BoxLang, you can execute a few types of files right from any OS CLI by adding them as the second argument to our boxlangbinary:

File	OS	Hint
*.bx	All	BoxLang classes with a main()method
*.bxs	All	BoxLang scripts
*.bxm	All	BoxLang Templating Language
*.cfs	All	CFML scripts (If using the bx-compat-cfmlmodule)
*.cfm	All	CFML templates (If using the bx-compat-cfmlmodule)
*.sh	Mac + *Nix	Shebang scripts using boxlangas the environment

Please note that you will need the bx-compat-cfmlmodule if you want to execute CFML scripts

Here are some examples of executing the files. Just pass in the file by relative or absolute path location.

Mac / *Unix

boxlang task.bx
boxlang myscript.bxs
boxlang mytemplate.bxm

boxlang /full/path/to/test.bxs
boxlang /full/path/to/Task.bx

Windows

boxlang.bat task.bx
boxlang.bat myscript.bxs
boxlang.bat mytemplate.bxm

Jar

java -jar boxlang-1.0.0.jar task.bx
java -jar boxlang-1.0.0.jar /full/path/to/test.bxs

Other Scopes

Please note that you have access to other persistent scopes when building CLI applications:

• application- This scope lives as long as your application lives as well, but it is technically attached to an Application.bxfile that activates framework capabilities for your application.

• request- A scope that matches a specific request for your application. We also get one per CLI app since there is no concept of sessions or user state. There is always only one request.

For CLI applications, we recommend you use the serveror request scope for singleton persistence. Also note that you can use all the caches as well for persistence. You can use applicationscope if you have an Application.bx.

Executing Classes

BoxLang allows you to execute any *.bxclass as long as it has a method called main()by convention. All the arguments passed into the file execution will be collected and passed into the function via the argsargument.

task.bx

class{

    function main( args = [] ){
        println( "Hola from my task! #now()#" )
        println( "The passed args are: " )
        println( args )
    }

}

The argsargument is an array and it will contain all the arguments passed to the execution of the class.

boxlang task.bx hola --many options=test

If you execute this function above, the output will be:

Hola from my task! {ts '2025-02-11 22:15:44'}
The passed args are:
[
  hello,
  luis,
  from=test
]

Class executions are a great way to build tasks that have a deterministic approach to execution. We parse the arguments for you, and you can focus on building your task.

Executing Scripts / Templates

In addition to executing classes, you can execute *.bxsscripts that can do your bidding. The difference is that this is a flat source code script that executes from the top down. It can contain functions, scope usage, imports, and create any class.

hello.bxs

message = "Hola from my task! #now()#"
println( message )
println( "The passed args are: " )
println( CLIGetArgs() )

Then, if we execute it, we can see this output:

╰─ boxlang hello.bxs hola luis=majano --test

Hola from my task! {ts '2025-02-11 22:29:44'}
The passed args are:
{
  positionals : [
      hola,
    luis=majano
  ],
  options : {
    test : true
  }
}

What do you see that's different? We don't have the incoming arguments as an argument since it's a script. However, we can use the CLIGetArgs()BIF, and it will give you a structure of two keys:

• positionals- An array of positional values passed to the script

• options- Name value pairs detected as options

You can also get the arguments via the server.cli.parsedvariable, which already contains this structure.

message = "Hola from my task! #now()#"
println( message )
println( "The passed args are: " )
println( server.cli.parsed )

Here is the output:

╰─ boxlang hello.bxs hola luis=majano --test

Hola from my task! {ts '2025-02-11 22:29:44'}
The passed args are:
{
  positionals : [
      hola,
    luis=majano
  ],
  options : {
    test : true
  }
}

Please note that executing templates is the same as scripts, but your template uses templating language instead, which can be helpful if you produce some markup (HTML, Markdown, etc.)

SheBang Scripts

SheBang scripts are text files containing a sequence of commands for a computer operating system. The term "shebang" refers to the #! characters at the beginning of the script, which specify the interpreter that should be used to execute the script. These scripts are commonly used in Unix-like operating systems to automate tasks. You can run scripts directly from the command line using a shebang line without explicitly invoking the interpreter. BoxLang supports these scripts, so the OS sees them as just pure shell scripts, but you are coding in BoxLang scripting.

A SheBang script is just basically a *.bxsscript.

hola.sh

#!/usr/bin/env boxlang

println( "Hello World! #now()#" )
println( CLIGetArgs() );

As you can see from the sample above, the first line is what makes it a SheBang script the operating system can use. It passes it to the boxlangbinary for interpretation. Also, note that you can pass arguments to these scripts like any other script and the CLIGetArgs()or the server.cli.parsed variables will be there for you to use.

# Execute the script
./hola.sh

# Execute it with a name argument and a simple option
./hola.sh --name=luis -d

CLI Built-In Functions

BoxLang also gives you several built-in functions for interacting with the CLI:

• CLIGetArgs():struct - Return a structure of the parsed incoming arguments

• CLIRead( [prompt] ):any- Read input from the CLI and return the value

• CLIExit( [exitCode=0] )- Do a System.exit()with the passed-in exit code

Please note that you have a wealth of built-in functions and components that you can use to build your scripts.

Parsed Arguments

BoxLang will automatically parse the incoming arguments into a structure of two types when using the CLIGetArgs()BIF or by using the server.cli.parsed variable.

• options - A structure of the options (name-value pairs) used to invoke the script

• positionals - An array of the positional arguments used to invoke the script

The options can be provided in the following formats, which are standard in CLI applications:

• --option - A boolean option that is set to true

• --option=value - An option with a value

• --option="value" - An option with a quoted value

• --option='value' - An option with a single quoted value

• -o=value - A shorthand option with a value

• -o - A shorthand boolean option that is set to true

• --!option - A negation option that is set to false

• --no-{option} - A negation option

For example, the following CLI arguments:

--debug --!verbose --bundles=Spec -o='/path/to/file' -v my/path/template

Will be parsed into the following struct:

{
"options" :  {
   	"debug": true,
  	"verbose": false,
 	"bundles": "Spec",
	"o": "/path/to/file",
	"v": true
},
"positionals": [ "my/path/template" ]

Some Ground Rules

• Options are prefixed with --

• Shorthand options are prefixed with -

• Options can be negated with --! or --no-

• Options can have values separated by =

• Values can be quoted with single or double quotes

• Repeated options will override the previous value

Reading Input

You can easily read input from users by using our handy CLIRead()bif. You can also pass in a promptas part of the method call.

var exit = cliRead( "Do you want to continue? (Y/N)" ).trueFalseFormat()
if( exit ){
  cliExit()
}

Producing Output

As you navigate all the built-in functions and capabilities of BoxLang, let's learn how to produce output to the system console.

• printLn() - Print with a line break to System out

• print() - Print with no line break to System out

• writeOutput(), echo() - Writes to the output buffer (Each runtime decides what its buffer is. The CLI is the system output, the Web is the HTML response buffer, etc)

• writeDump()- Takes any incoming output and will serialize to a nice string output representation. This will also do complex objects deeply.

println( "Time is #now()#" )

I get the output:

╰─ boxlang test.bxs
Time is {ts '2024-05-22 22:09:56'}

Hooray! You have executed your first script using BoxLang. Now let's build a class with a main( args=[] ) convention. This is similar to Java or Groovy.

class{

        function main( args=[] ){

               println( "Task called with " & arguments.toString() )

                writedump( args )

        }

}

You can now call it with zero or more arguments!

╰─ boxlang Task.bx
Task called with {ARGS=[]}

╰─ boxlang Task.bx boxlang rocks
Task called with {ARGS=[boxlang, rocks]}

Piping code

You can also pipe statements into the BoxLang binary for execution as well. This assumes script, not tags.

echo "2+2" | java -jar boxlang-1.0.0.jar
echo "2+2" | boxlang

or

# on *nix
cat test.cfs | java -jar boxlang-1.0.0.jar
cat test.cfs | boxlang

# on Windows
type test.cfs | java -jar boxlang-1.0.0.jar
type test.cfs | boxlang.bat

Dad Joke Script

Thanks to our evangelist Raymond Camden, we have a cool dad joke script you can find in our demos: https://github.com/ortus-boxlang/bx-demos

class{
    variables.apiURL = "https://icanhazdadjoke.com/";

    /**
     * The first argument is a term to search dad jokes on, if not provided, a random dad joke will be fetched.
     * Example: boxlang DadJoke.bx dad
     * Example: boxlang DadJoke.bx
     */
    function main( args = [] ) {
        // Use elvis operator to check if a term was passed, else, use an empty string
        var term = ( args[ 1 ] ?: "" ).trim();

        if( !term.isEmpty() ){
            apiURL &= "search?term=" & term.urlEncodedFormat()
        }

        println( "Getting dad joke for term [#term#], please wait..." );
        bx:http url=apiURL result="result" {
            bx:httpparam type="header" name="Accept" value="application/json";
        }
        var data = JSONDeserialize( result.fileContent );

         // possible none were found, use safe navigation operator
         if( data?.results?.len() == 0 ){
            println( "No jokes found for term: #term#" );
            return cliExit();
         }

        // If we searched for a term, we need to get a random joke from the results, otherwise, just .joke
        var joke = term.isEmpty() ? data.joke : data.results[ randRange( 1, data.results.len() ) ].joke;
        println( joke );
    }

}

Now you execute it

// Random joke
boxlang DadJoke.bx

// Term jokes
boxlang DadJoke.bx ice

Let's modify it now so that we can prompt the user for the term using the CLIRead()BIF instead of passing it:

var term = ( CLIRead( "What search term would you like to use? (Leave blank for random joke)") ).trim();